The hormonal regulation of cutaneous wound healing

Conditions of impaired wound healing in the elderly are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and impose a significant financial burden upon the world's health services. The findings of a series of recent studies have served to highlight the contrasting contributions made by sex steroid hormones to the regulation of cutaneous repair processes. Although estrogens accelerate healing, the actions of the “male” sex hormones 5α-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone are primarily deleterious. The shift that occurs in the balance between serum estrogen and androgen levels as a normal feature of human aging may therefore have important consequences for fundamental tissue repair processes.