Hematuria

Hematuria, gross or microscopic, is a common problem in children that can be caused by a wide variety of conditions and requires careful evaluation. When associated with other features (edema, hypertension, skin rash, arthritis etc) and proteinuria the diagnosis can be made with clinical assessment and focused laboratory tests. Asymptomatic, isolated microscopic hematuria often presents a diagnostic problem. Hypercalciuria and renal lithiasis are looked for and an ultrasonographic examination carried out. Invasive procedures are seldom required. Explanation and assurance to parents and long term observation are important.