Le pneumomédiastin spontané, un diagnostic différentiel rare et bénin du syndrome de Boerhaave. À propos d'un cas

We report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PMS) on a young man, following vomiting. With an incidence of 0.01 to 0.001% of in-hospital patients, PMS is one of the rare digestive perforation's differential diagnosis and can easily be mistaken for a Boerhaave's syndrome. Its evolution, however, is always benign. So we had to exclude a digestive injury in order to confirm the diagnosis and then adapt our management. In the discussion, we review the clinical, biologic and radiologic information available from the few reported cases of PMS; finally, we propose an algorithm for the management of this disease.