Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
326520 | Journal of Psychiatric Research | 2014 | 3 Pages |
Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders and ADHD might be overrepresented in Klinefelter syndrome, but previous investigations have yielded inconclusive results.
Methods
We compared a national sample of 860 Klinefelter patients in Sweden with 86 000 matched population controls. To assess the risks of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder and ADHD in Klinefelter patients, we estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using conditional logistic regressions.
Results
Klinefelter patients had almost four times higher risks of schizophrenia, odds ratio (OR) = 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–6.7 and bipolar disorder (OR = 3.8, CI 1.8–7.6) and about six times higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (OR = 6.2, CI 4.0–9.4) and ADHD (OR = 5.6, CI 4.0–7.8).
Conclusions
The risk of psychosis, autism and ADHD is increased in Klinefelter patients. These findings indicate an X chromosome-related factor in the etiology of the studied psychiatric disorders, and may also have implications for treatment of patients with Klinefelter syndrome.
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Neuroscience
Biological Psychiatry
Authors
Martin Cederlöf, Agnes Ohlsson Gotby, Henrik Larsson, Eva Serlachius, Marcus Boman, Niklas Långström, Mikael Landén, Paul Lichtenstein,