Comparison between subjective and objective assessment of the long-term results after the Heller–Dor operation in patients affected by oesophageal achalasia

IntroductionNowadays the subjective assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life after surgery for achalasia is often associated with the instrumental methods in order to evaluate long-term results of therapy.AimsTo assess the long-term objective and subjective results of the surgical treatment of achalasia and to study the correlation between clinical–instrumental methods and those based on the patient's self-assessment and on Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaires.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-four patients consecutively submitted to trans-abdominal Heller–Dor operation were periodically followed up with clinical examination, endoscopy, barium swallow and manometry. The Health-Related Quality of Life was assessed using the 36 item short form (SF-36) and the Psychological General Well-Being Index questionnaire. The statistical comparison between the results of the self-assessment questionnaires and the long-term clinical–instrumental result was calculated by means of linear regression analysis.ResultsOver the years, 123 patients underwent at least one complete clinical–instrumental check-up and filled the self-assessment questionnaires. Mean follow-up was 105 months (range 12–288) with a median of 82.5 months. The result of the surgery was considered satisfactory in 93.5% of the patients, while the reflux oesophagitis observed in 6.5% of the cases was the main cause of failure. Clinical scores for dysphagia and for gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms were significantly reduced after surgery. The results of the SF-36 and Psychological General Well-Being Index questionnaires were in our population very high and clinical correlation (p < 0.05) emerged in physical function, in role physical, in mental health and in vitality domains of SF-36 questionnaire, and in self-control and general health scales of Psychological General Well-Being Index questionnaire.ConclusionsHealth-Related Quality of Life questionnaires can be considered valid aids in evaluating surgical results, but the clinical–instrumental evaluation remains the cardinal point of every long-term assessment in order to diagnose complications, the disease-related conditions of the patient and to acquire reliable data on which scientific discussion can be based.