Simulated Change in Body Fatness Affects Hologic QDR 4500A Whole Body and Central DXA Bone Measures

Changes in body fatness may impact the accuracy of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to determine if DXA can accurately assess BMC and BMD with changes in exogenous fat (lard) placed to simulate weight change. Whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), and proximal femur (PF) DXA scans (Hologic QDR 4500A) were performed on 30 elderly (52-83 yr) and 60 young (18-40 yr) individuals (i.e., 45 females and 45 males) of varying body mass index (mean ± standard deviation: 26.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2). When scans were repeated with lard packets (2.54 cm thick, 25.4 × 17.8 cm, 1 kg), WB BMD decreased 1.1% and 1.6% after chest and thigh packet placement, respectively (p = 0.001), PF BMD increased 0.7% (p = 0.02) and LS BMD decreased 1.6% (p = 0.001) primarily due to a 2.2% reduction in LS BMC (p < 0.001). Initial LS BMC and trunk mass were related to error in LS BMC measures due to lard-loading (r = 0.64 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.001). We conclude that on average simulated weight change minimally impacts PF bone measures and moderately impacts WB and LS bone measures; however, individual variability in measurement error was noteworthy and may be impacted by body thickness.