Penbactam for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomised comparison of quadruple and triple treatment schedules in an Iranian population

Background & study aimsSelection of the best drug regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection especially in patients at risk of peptic ulcer relapses and the development of complications is challenging. This study assessed and compared the efficacy of the two common PPI based triple therapies to a quadruple therapy including PPI, metronidazole, amoxicillin and a bismuth compound in Iranian population.Patients & MethodsThree hundred and thirty patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment protocols all given twice daily: (a) A 14-day quadruple therapy (OMAB group) comprising omeprazole 20 mg, metronicazole 500 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and bismuth subcitrate 240 mg; (b) A 14-day triple regimen (OCP group) comprising omeprazole 20 mg plus clarithromycine 500 mg and penbactam 750 mg and (c) A 14-day triple regimen (OCA group) comprising omeprazole 20 mg plus clarithromycine 500 mg and amoxicillin 1 g. Cure was defined as a negative urea breath test at least six weeks after treatment.ResultsThe per-protocol eradication rates achieved with both OCP regimen (87.0%) and OCA treatment (90.8%) were significantly higher than the OMAB treatment protocol (56.0%); however, no significant difference emerged in eradication rates between the two triple treatment schedules. No significant differences between the groups were found in most side-effects.ConclusionTwo-week quadruple therapy showed a lower eradication rate compared to common triple treatment schedules when used as first-line eradication treatment for H. pylori infection in Iranian population.