Serum Pepsinogen I, Pepsinogen II, and Gastrin 17 in Relatives of Gastric Cancer Patients: Comparative Study With Type and Severity of Gastritis

Background & Aims: First-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients are at risk for developing precancerous conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of biomarkers pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), their ratio (PG I:II), as well as gastrin 17 for screening of precancerous conditions and corpus predominant gastritis. Methods: First-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients underwent endoscopy. Three biopsy specimens from the antrum and 3 from the corpus were evaluated according to the Sydney classification. Serum was taken for the measurement of fasting PGI, PGII, and gastrin 17 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: A total of 481 patients were examined (age, 47.8 ± 6.7 y). With the extension of gastritis, PGII was increased up to 2.5 times (6.6 ± 2.8 μg/mL in normal mucosa, 9.5 ± 6.7 μg/mL in antral gastritis, and 16.9 ± 12.4 μg/mL in corpus-predominant gastritis; P < .01), PGI increased slightly (88.3 ± 29.4 μg/mL in normal mucosa and 111.2 ± 71.4 μg/mL in corpus-predominant gastritis), and gastrin 17 was increased substantially in corpus-predominant gastritis (15.3 ± 19.5 pmol/mL vs 3.8 ± 5.7 pmol/mL in normal mucosa). By using a cut-off value of 7.5 µg/mL for PGII, any type of gastritis from normal mucosa can be diagnosed with a sensitivity and specificity of 80%. The sensitivity and specificity of the PG I:II ratio (≤3) and gastrin 17 (>17 pmol/mL) together were 9.4% and 99% for screening corpus-predominant gastritis and 14.8% and 97.8%, respectively, for screening intestinal metaplasia in the corpus. Conclusions: PGII is a suitable marker for screening any gastritis from normal mucosa, but neither PGI, the PG I:II ratio, gastrin 17, nor their combination were able to select those with precancerous conditions and corpus-predominant gastritis among the first-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients.