A randomized comparison of EUS-guided FNA versus CT or US-guided FNA for the evaluation of pancreatic mass lesions

BackgroundDiagnosing pancreatic cancer by EUS-FNA is a potentially appealing alternative to percutaneous biopsy.AimTo compare EUS-FNA with CT or US-guided FNA for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.DesignSingle center, prospective, randomized, cross-over.SettingDuke University Medical Center.PopulationEighty-four patients referred with suspicious solid pancreatic mass lesions randomized to CT/US-FNA (n = 43) or EUS-FNA (n = 41).InterventionPatients underwent an imaging procedure/FNA. If cytology was nondiagnostic, cross over to the other modality was offered. Final outcome was determined by clinical follow-up every 6 months for 2 years and/or surgical pathology for patients with negative FNA.Main Outcome MeasurementsSensitivity and accuracy of EUS-FNA versus CT/US-FNA for pancreatic cancer.ResultsThere were 16 true positive (TP) by CT/US-FNA and 21 TP by EUS-FNA. Sixteen of the 20 CT/US-FNA negative patients crossed over to EUS-FNA; 12 underwent FNA, 4 had no mass at EUS. Seven of the 12 had positive EUS-FNA. Eight EUS-FNA negative crossed over to CT/US; 4 had no mass at CT/US, 3 remained true negative throughout follow-up, 1 had chronic pancreatitis at surgery. The sensitivity of CT/US-FNA and EUS-FNA for detecting malignancy was 62% and 84%, respectively. A comparison of the accuracy for CT/US-FNA and EUS-FNA was not statistically significant (P = .074, χ2).LimitationsFailure to meet target enrollment resulted in an inability to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the 2 modalities.ConclusionsEUS-FNA is numerically (though not quite statistically) superior to CT/US-FNA for the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy.