| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3310961 | Gastrointestinal Intervention | 2013 | 5 Pages |
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are the standard treatment modalities for noninvasive gastrointestinal malignancies. To improve their efficacy and safety, endoscopic procedures require the formation of an adequate submucosal cushion, which is made between the lesion and the proper muscle layer. Ideal submucosal injection solutions should have the following characteristics: (1) they provide a long-lasting and high submucosal cushion, (2) are safe and nontoxic, (3) inexpensive, (4) readily available, (5) easy to inject, and (6) they preserve specimen tissue for accurate histopathological lesion assessment. Various submucosal agents have been developed for effective EMR and ESD. These submucosal agents differ with regard to their efficacy, cost, and availability. The appropriate submucosal injection solution should be chosen on a case-by-case basis and should take into consideration the size and location of the lesion and the type and the time of the procedure. Therefore, elucidating the characteristics of various submucosal injection solutions is important for appropriately selecting submucosal injection solutions and for successful endoscopic procedures. In this review article, we provide an overview of the characteristics of different submucosal injection solutions.
