ABCC protein function and genetic variability in HIV infection

ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) protein group is one of the most abundant protein family exhibiting diverse functions. Proteins of this group are present and expressed in virtually every tissue, with ABCC subfamily functional spectrum of ion transport, cell-surface signaling and toxin secretion. ABCC proteins are adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent with hydrolysis-derived energy used for the transport of substrates through the cellular membranes. Research data also confirm their role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, including metabolism of xenobiotics or the intracellular signal transmission. ABCC protein also play regulatory role in the aging processes of the thymus and bone marrow cells and transport of antiretroviral drugs. Association of the ABCC single nucleotide polymorphisms with levels of drugs and treatment efficacy, including antiretroviral agents was found to be in a significant relationship with pharmacodynamics of antiretroviral agents. ABCC proteins and its genetic variation may be associated with the transport of antiretroviral drugs, differences in the ARV concentrations and development of drug toxicity, especially in the context of the tenofovir-based treatment and renal tubulopathy. Associations of gene variants with efficacy and adverse effects of the antiretroviral therapy may provide the tools for the better selection of the therapies in the future and are important step toward personalized medicine.