Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
3334558 Surgical Pathology Clinics 2012 11 Pages PDF
Abstract
At the time of breast cancer diagnosis, multiple features of the tumor are routinely assessed to evaluate for prognostic and predictive factors. Prognostic factors provide information about the patient's likely clinical course and include tumor stage (composed of lymph node status, tumor size, and presence of chest wall involvement), tumor histologic type and grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, and HER2 status. These traditional prognostic factors are reviewed with particular attention to problematic areas in classification. Several newer prognostic tests may be able to provide information beyond the traditional prognostic factors and are presented.
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