Assessment of disease activity, damage and quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus: New aspects

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem auto-immune disorder that results from a combination of genetic, environmental and hormonal factors. The heterogeneity of disease presentation and course in different individuals and the variability in the disease progression/fluctuations within the same patient have made finding a unifying assessment tool difficult. It is currently accepted that assessment of patients with SLE cannot be accomplished with a single index. Formal evaluation of three aspects of the disease, disease activity, disease damage and patient-related quality of life (QoL), is required.In the recent decade, the pathogenesis of SLE at the cellular and molecular levels has been the subject of much research. Robust assessment tools are needed to correlate the presence of various serological markers with disease activity. In addition, multiple clinical trials of new therapies have necessitated validated measures that can give a sensitive response index. This review focusses on the SLE assessment tools currently in use and their translational application in clinical research and trials.