Factors that affect the occurrence and chronicity of occupation-related musculoskeletal disorders

The components that affect the occurrence and chronicity of musculoskeletal disease are multifactorial. The return to work process and prevention of future chronic disability commences at the time of the initial assessment. The clinician can identify, at an early stage, patients with negative expectations of return to work and adopt a care plan oriented to functional adaptation. Medical and psychosocial treatment plans taking account of coping preferences, beliefs and practices are more likely to help prevent chronic disability. Other factors that can influence the long-term disability rate include medically discretionary or unnecessary time off work and litigation itself. Workplace factors can result in unnecessary absenteeism and poorly managed presenteeism.