Nocardia and Aspergillus Pulmonary Infection in a Patient on Long-Term Steroid Treatment: Case Report and Literature Review

Pulmonary infections caused by Aspergillus and Nocardia are commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, and accurate and timely diagnosis is important for proper therapeutic management to ensure favorable patient outcomes. Concomitant Aspergillus and Nocardia pulmonary infections are rare but have been reported in immunosuppressed patients who had organ transplants, chronic graft-versus-host disease, or chronic granulomatous disease. This article describes a very rare case of Aspergillus and Nocardia co-infection in a patient on long-term steroid therapy and reviews the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with both opportunistic pathogens.