Human dendritic cell subsets in vaccination

•DCs are composed of subsets that differ in their phenotype and functions.•DC subsets differentially regulate follicular helper T cells (Tfh).•DC subsets differentially regulate CD8+ T cells.•Specific types of immunity can be generated by targeting antigens to DC subsets.

Owing to their properties, dendritic cells (DCs) are often called ‘nature's adjuvants’ and thus have become the natural targets for antigen delivery. DCs provide an essential link between the innate and the adaptive immune responses. DCs are at the center of the immune system owing to their ability to control both tolerance and immunity. DCs are thus key targets for both preventive and therapeutic vaccination. Herein, we will discuss recent progresses in our understanding of DC subsets physiology as it applies to vaccination.