The NLRP12 Sensor Negatively Regulates Autoinflammatory Disease by Modulating Interleukin-4 Production in T Cells

•Deficiency in NLRP12 promotes the generation of hyperinflammatory T cell responses•Induction of EAE in Nlrp12−/− mice results in atypical neuroinflammatory disease•NLRP12 is an intrinsic regulator of T cells•Dysregulated IL-4 production causes T-cell-induced inflammation in Nlrp12−/− mice

SummaryMissense mutations in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing family of gene 12 (Nlrp12) are associated with periodic fever syndromes and atopic dermatitis in humans. Here, we have demonstrated a crucial role for NLRP12 in negatively regulating pathogenic T cell responses. Nlrp12−/− mice responded to antigen immunization with hyperinflammatory T cell responses. Furthermore, transfer of CD4+CD45RBhiNlrp12−/− T cells into immunodeficient mice led to more severe colitis and atopic dermatitis. NLRP12 deficiency did not, however, cause exacerbated ascending paralysis during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); instead, Nlrp12−/− mice developed atypical neuroinflammatory symptoms that were characterized by ataxia and loss of balance. Enhanced T-cell-mediated interleukin-4 (IL-4) production promotes the development of atypical EAE disease in Nlrp12−/− mice. These results define an unexpected role for NLRP12 as an intrinsic negative regulator of T-cell-mediated immunity and identify altered NF-κB regulation and IL-4 production as key mediators of NLRP12-associated disease.