Graphene oxide absorbed anti-IL10R antibodies enhance LPS induced immune responses in vitro and in vivo

Interleukin 10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which limits immune responses to both self and foreign antigens. Blocking IL10 at the time of immunization increases cytotoxic T cell responses in antigen experienced host, a situation similar to therapeutic vaccination for cancer and chronic viral infection, where patients usually develop ineffective immune responses to tumour or viral antigens before immunotherapy starts. Graphene oxide (GO) is a nano material often used for drug delivery and tissue engineering. In the current paper, we demonstrated that GO is able to absorb anti-IL10 receptor antibodies. The anti-IL10R antibodies absorbed in GO are slowly released and the release of absorbed antibodies is pH dependent. GO absorbed anti-IL10R antibodies are bioactive both in vitro and in vivo. GO absorbed anti-IL10R antibodies are more efficient than free anti-IL10R antibodies at eliciting LPS stimulated CD8 T cell responses. Our results suggest that GO is able to absorb anti-IL10R antibodies and absorbed anti-IL10R antibody may be useful as an adjuvant for vaccination and ideal for delivering to tumour site, and breaking of suppressive tumour environment.

► Graphene oxide (GO) is able to absorb anti-IL10 receptor antibodies. ► GO absorbed anti-IL10R antibodies are slowly released. ► GO absorbed anti-IL10R antibodies are bioactive both in vitro and in vivo. ► GO/anti-IL10R antibodies may be useful as an adjuvant for vaccination and ideal for delivering to tumour site, and therefore breaking of suppressive tumour environment.