Contributions of sigB and sarA to distinct multiple antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus

Multiple antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus can result from mutations leading to reduced susceptibility to Pine oil-based cleaners (PSRS) as well as following growth with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory salicylate. We now define the contributions of the alternative sigma factor (sigB) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sarA) to these mechanisms. We conclude that sarA plays a more prominent role than sigB in overall intrinsic multiple antimicrobial resistance. Both genes have similar effects on intrinsic vancomycin resistance, and the salicylate-inducible mechanism is not sigB- or sarA-dependent. Furthermore, analyses determined that altered expression of sigB and sarA is not responsible for the salicylate-inducible mechanism, and sarA upregulation is associated with the PSRS phenotype.