Spontaneous ascitic fluid infection and bacteremia due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a liver transplant patient

•We report a bacteremic ascitic fluid infection caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis.•This infection has been rarely reported.•The outcome was not favorable using ciprofloxacin as treatment.•The outcome was favorable after a third-generation cephalosporin and gentamicin.

We report herein a case of bacteremic ascitic fluid infection in a liver transplant patient caused by a strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serogroup I that lost the yersiniabactin core. The patient's outcome was favorable after a combined therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin and gentamicin.