Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium neoaurum identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence

SummaryMycobacterium neoaurum infection has rarely been found in humans, and only a limited number of cases have been reported. We describe the first case of pulmonary infection with M. neoaurum. We speculate that unrecognized aspiration and long-term corticosteroid therapy predisposed our patient to this rare mycobacterial infection.