HLA-G, -E and -F: Allelism, function and evolution

The major histocompatibility complex class I genes comprise a bunch of classical genes (A, B, C), non-classical genes (E, F and G), pseudogenes and truncated genes. MHC-E, -F and -G are now considered immune “tolerization” molecules, which not only interact with NK cells but with T lymphocyte subsets and other cells and have a role in fetus acceptation. A strong positive directional selection is acting for maintaining the observed low polymorphism on E, F and G loci in human and apes. Invariance must be important for this non-classical class I proteins function.