Salivary composition and dental caries among children controlled asthmatics

Background and objectiveAsthma patients can be effectively treated and controlled with currently available medications, inhaled ß2-agonists and corticosteroids have harmful effects on dentition. Therefore we aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to inhaled ß2-agonists and corticosteroids on the composition of saliva as a risk factor to increase the incidence of dental caries among children aged 8–14 years old. The study group is compared with a control group of healthy children of the same age group.Patient and methodsIn a triple-blind analytical case–control study, children were selected according to inclusion criteria, divided into asthmatic group1 (n = 60), who were controlled by ß2-agonists and corticosteroids for at least six months. Control group (group II) was first-degree relatives (n = 60) matched for age. DMFS and DMFT index scores were recorded in both groups. Saliva samples were collected from each child for testing electrolytes, pH, and cariogenic bacteria.ResultsThe results showed higher prevalence of caries among asthmatics (group I) than controls (group II). As well as a positive correlation between, duration of asthma and the caries indices, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli colonies bacteria count in asthmatic were higher than in controls. Salivary electrolytes were significantly elevated in asthmatics with caries.ConclusionPrevalence of dental caries was higher in asthmatics than controls. High caries incidence in asthmatics related to salivary acidic pH, increase S.mutans, Lactobacilli count and medication. There is a need to create awareness among dental practitioners and pulmonologists regarding the increased caries risk in asthmatics.