Clinico-pathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma cases presented to Chest Department, Cairo University in the last 10 years

IntroductionLung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in males in 2008 globally.Aim of the workTo evaluate the clinico-pathological profile of the bronchogenic carcinoma cases in the Chest Department, Cairo University.Patients and methodsRetrospective study was carried out in the Chest Department, Cairo University, in which four hundred and four confirmed cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were admitted during July 2002 till July 2012. Data regarding demographics, smoking, histology, clinical presentation, radiographic findings are reported.ResultsOur study included 404 confirmed cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Male to female ratio was 4.6:1. The highest incidence was in the sixth and seventh decades of life (63.6%). Smoking was found to be the main risk factor in 75.7% of patients. Cough was the most common symptom found in 347 patients (85.9%), followed by dyspnea in 276 patients (68.3%). Most common radiological finding was mass lesion (49.8%). Majority of cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy (68.1%). Four types of bronchogenic carcinoma were found: squamous cell carcinoma 37.4% adenocarcinoma 29.5%, small cell carcinoma 14.9%, large cell carcinoma 7.2% and undifferentiated carcinoma 11.1%. In females, adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type (54.2%) while in males, squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant cell type (42.5%).ConclusionBronchogenic carcinoma is more frequent beyond the middle age. Smoking is still the major risk factor. Adenocarcinoma is more common in females and was the most frequent tumor in non-smokers, while in males, squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant cell type.