Rapid discrimination of Tomato chlorosis virus, Tomato infectious chlorosis virus and co-amplification of plant internal control using real-time RT-PCR

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) (genus: Crinivirus, family: Closteroviridae) are two emergent whitefly-transmitted viruses that have been associated with yellowing symptoms of tomato crops during the last two decades. A real-time, one-step reverse transcription (RT) TaqMan® polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and optimized for the multiplex detection of TICV, ToCV and an internal control of mitochondrion cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOXI) gene from plants. The plant mtCOXI assay can be used as an internal control in at least 77 plant species from 28 different families. The one-step RT TaqMan PCR assay successfully detected and discriminated the two virus species in infected tomato plants, other host plants and their whitefly vectors. In direct comparison, the assay was approximately 10,000-fold and 100-fold more sensitive than conventional one-step RT-PCR and two-step nested RT-PCR, respectively. The increased sensitivity allowed the use of alternative template preparation methods that do not require RNA purification. The assay can be performed either by the direct addition of crude plant extract into the real-time reaction mixture or alternatively, the sap extract can be blotted on a positively charged nylon membrane, eluted and added in the reaction mixture. The developed assay allows the simple, fast and cost-effective testing of a large number of samples and can be easily applied in surveys and certification schemes.

► A TaqMan RT-PCR assay was developed for the multiplex detection of TICV and ToCV. ► The assay includes an internal control of plant mtCOXI gene. ► Alternative template preparation methods were tested that do not need RNA extraction. ► The test discriminated the two viruses in different plants and insect vectors.