Relationship Between Resultant Force at the Pushrim and the Net Shoulder Joint Moments During Manual Wheelchair Propulsion in Elderly Persons

The results suggest that because the resultant force at the pushrim has a greater tangential component and a greater proportion of the maximal voluntary force, most of the net moments around the shoulder are higher. Thus the optimal way of propelling, from a mechanical point of view (ie, tangential), may not be advantageous for manual wheelchair users.