Low frequency electromagnetic fields long-term exposure effects on testicular histology, sperm quality and testosterone levels of male rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to low frequency EMF on the testicular function and structure.MethodsFourteen adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into sham and experimental groups. Experimental group was exposed to 1 mT, 50 Hz EMF, continuously for 85 days in a solenoid. Sham group was kept under conditions same as experimental group, without EMF. At the end of the exposure period, weight and size of testes, sperm evaluation (sperm counts, motility and viability), histological testicular sections and serum total testosterone were determined.ResultsLong-term exposure to low frequency EMF significantly decreased the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and increased number of seminiferous tubules per unit area of testes. In addition, low frequency EMF significantly reduced sperm motility and testosterone levels. However, it had no effect on the weight and size of testes, sperm concentration, and viability.ConclusionsProlonged exposure to 50 Hz EMF has an adverse effect on male fertility.