Use of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in critically ill polytrauma patients

MicroRNAs species are short, noncoding RNAs formed of 19–24 nucleotides. MicroRNAs play an essential role in the regulation of the humoral biochemical processes, cellular proliferation, or other biological processes in the human body. Tissue injuries, biochemical dysfunction, and physiological imbalances are followed by a significant change in the expression of microRNAs in biological fluids. With the recent advances in bioanalysis techniques, it is now possible to identify the microRNA species in biological fluids in specific situations for polytrauma patients. In this paper, we present the importance and the clinical significance of using microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for critically ill polytrauma patients.