The burden of incidental findings in clinical practice in a tertiary care center

BackroundTo evaluate the prevalence and clinical burden of serendipitously discovered abnormalities in hospitalized patients, unrelated to their presenting symptoms and physical signs.MethodsA total of 478 patients consecutively admitted in the Department of Medicine were enrolled in the study. In the end of first diagnostic work-up, the previously undetected imaging or endoscopic asymptomatic abnormalities termed as incidental findings (IFs) were recorded and some of them were further investigated.ResultsOne hundred thirty eight (28.8%) patients had IFs. The most common IFs were located in the kidney and genitourinary system followed by liver and gallbladder. The most common method of detection of IFs was ultrasonography (US) of the abdomen. The patients with IFs compared with those without, were older (P = 0.007), had no previous hospitalizations (P < 0.001) and stayed longer in the hospital (P < 0.001). The 25 (18.1%) patients with IFs were not evaluated further. One hundred seventy seven IFs discovered in 113 patients were further evaluated by medical specialists and additional tests were performed if warranted. In the end of the diagnostic work-up, in a total of 113 patients with IFs, 78.7% had insignificant and 21.2% potentially significant IFs. The latter group had higher rate of IFs compared with the former group, usually more than 3 (P = 0.017).ConclusionsIFs were prevalent in a hospital population. Hospitalized patients with IFs were more than 60 years old and had no previous hospitalization. A large number of IFs were potentially significant deserving further clinical management.