Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated connective tissue growth factor via JNK and Smad3 suppression in human gingival fibroblasts

Background/PurposeConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is involved in the development and progression of fibrotic diseases, including gingival overgrowth (GO). Recent studies indicate that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is also significantly involved in wound healing and the development of fibrosis. This study investigated whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can inhibit LPA-induced CCN2 expression in human gingival fibroblast (GF) and its mechanism.MethodsWestern blot analyses were used to study the signaling pathways of LPA-induced CCN2 expression in human GFs and the effects of EGCG on this pathway.ResultsLPA stimulated CCN2 synthesis in human GFs. This effect can be significantly inhibited bytransforming growth factor-β type I receptor/ALK5, Smad3, and JNK inhibitors but not ERK, P38, and MAPK inhibitors. EGCG completely inhibited LPA-induced CCN2 expression through attenuating the LPA-induced JNK and Smad3 phosphorylation in human GFs.ConclusionLPA produced at the surgical wound may contribute to the recurrence of GO by upregulating CCN2 expression in human GFs. This effect was mediated by Smad3 and JNK activation and ALK5 transactivation. EGCG could be a useful agent for reducing the recurrence of GO after surgery through suppression of JNK and Smad3 activations.