Clinical Presentation of Acute Scrotum in Young Males

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical presentation and ultrasonographic findings of acute scrotum in young males. A total of 87 patients (≤ 25 years old) with presentation of acute scrotum were retrospectively analyzed in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups according to their final diagnosis: 41 patients with testicular torsion (TT), eight patients with torsion of the testicular appendage (TTA), and 38 patients with epididymo-orchitis (EO). The mean ages of the TT group (14.0 ± 5.7 years) and EO group (16.6 ± 7.6 years) were higher than that of the TTA group (10.0 ± 3.5 years) (p = 0.02). White blood cell count (> 10,000 cells/mL) was not found to be statistically different among groups. Pyuria was found in 10 (26%) patients with EO. Color Doppler ultrasound has high sensitivity (87.9%) and specificity (93.3%) rates to differentiate TT from other causes of acute scrotum. In cases with a lower risk of TT, we suggest that a technically adequate color Doppler ultrasound may be arranged to help differentiate diagnoses and prevent needless surgery. The importance of emergent management for acute scrotum should also be impressed upon the public through education to avoid delayed presentation to medical facilities.