Wikis and forums for collaborative problem-based activity: A systematic comparison of learners' interactions

•We use a counterbalanced within-subject design to compare wikis and forums.•We conduct a systematic content analysis of learners' interactions in wikis and forums.•Threaded discussion is expanding in nature; wikis are condensing in nature.•Wikis promote collaboration; threaded discussion promotes cooperation.

This article describes an experimental study that evaluated differences in students' discourse and actions when they used a wiki with discussion (i.e., an enhanced wiki) vs. a forum with attached MS Word documents for asynchronous collaboration on two case problems. The study used a counterbalanced within-subject design with 34 online learners working in small groups. A systematic content analysis of learners' interactions coupled with visual, analytical techniques showed within-group differences in using the technologies. The study revealed the expanding nature of a forum and the condensing nature of a wiki. Also, findings suggest that in a wiki, groups tend to be more collaborative, whereas in a threaded discussion, groups tend to be more cooperative. The study provides insights for instructors who use wikis and forums in their online courses to support collaborative problem-based activity.