Prerequisite algebra skills and associated misconceptions of middle grade students: A review

•We present a review of literature on prerequisite algebra skills and associated misconceptions of middle grade students.•We use the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics content domains and standards for mathematical practice as an organizing framework.•This review sheds light on the need for pre-service and in-service teachers of mathematics at the middle grades to be fully aware of student misunderstandings.•Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

This article provides a comprehensive literature review related to prerequisite algebra skills and associated misconceptions of middle grades students as a means to draw together ideas for research and practice. Four algebra-related content domains (Ratios and Proportional Relationships, The Number System, Expressions and Equations, and Functions) from the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) were used as an organizing framework to examine findings that are linked to the need for greater student conceptual understanding as a priority in reaching algebra proficiency. By providing insights into prerequisite algebra skills and associated misconceptions of middle grade students, this manuscript has direct implications for classroom instruction and teacher education. This review of literature can serve as a comprehensive guide to a variety of stakeholders involved in the implementation of the middle grades algebraic content of the CCSSM ( CCSSO, 2010a).