Liver disease and renal dysfunction

Renal dysfunction is a relatively frequent complication of liver disease. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease can co-exist with acute or chronic liver disease, or occur sequentially. These patients have increased morbidity and reduced survival and so there is renewed emphasis on improving definitions of renal dysfunction in this patient population to facilitate early recognition and prompt treatment. This article outlines a practical approach to investigation and management of these complex and challenging patients.