Practical procedures in cardiology

Cardiology is an acute medical speciality in which decisive and prompt treatment along with close monitoring are required to improve outcomes for patients. An acute physician must know not only when to undertake an invasive procedure but how to carry it out, and be able to manage any subsequent complications. In this article, four common procedures are discussed: central venous access, temporary pacing wire insertion, pericardiocentesis and intra-aortic balloon pump placement. This article can be used either as an introductory text for a novice or as a refresher guide. Knowledge of aseptic technique and local anaesthetic administration is assumed.