Sleep Disturbances and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This article examines how primary attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects nighttime sleep. The effects of drug treatment on sleep in this population are reviewed, including the impact of stimulant medications and sleep-promoting agents. The article then examines the ways in which primary sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder, may cause daytime somnolence, inattention, and hyperactivity that mimic the features of ADHD. Discussion focuses on pediatric aspects of these conditions and briefly addresses available adult data.