Prediction of True Nodal Status in Patients with Pathological Lymph Node Negative Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma at Radical Nephroureterectomy

Lymph node dissection provides more accurate staging and prediction of survival. The number of examined nodes needed for adequate staging depends on pT stage and lymphovascular invasion. We developed a tool to estimate the likelihood of false-negative lymph node metastasis, which could help refine clinical decision making regarding the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy.