Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
3870844 | The Journal of Urology | 2010 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
Patients with pT4 bladder urothelial carcinoma have highly variable outcomes. Features associated with metastatic tumor dissemination (ie lymph node invasion and lymphovascular invasion) and local disease burden (ie soft tissue surgical margins and pT4 substage) are associated with poor outcomes in patients with pT4 bladder urothelial carcinoma. Further research is needed to understand why female patients with pT4 bladder urothelial carcinoma have a worse outcome than their male counterparts.
Keywords
Related Topics
Health Sciences
Medicine and Dentistry
Nephrology
Authors
Derya Tilki, Robert S. Svatek, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Hendrik Isbarn, Oliver Reich, Wassim Kassouf, Yves Fradet, Giacomo Novara, Hans-Martin Fritsche, Patrick J. Bastian, Jonathan I. Izawa, Christian G. Stief, Vincenzo Ficarra, Seth P. Lerner,