The Role of Lymphovascular Invasion in Predicting the Prognosis of Clinically Localized Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (pT1-3cN0M0)

Patients with lymphovascular invasion had a higher risk of greater pathological stage disease. Lymphovascular invasion and high stage disease with ureteral involvement led to a greater risk of disease recurrence and, in turn, recurrence caused a higher mortality rate. This finding could help identify patients at greater risk for disease recurrence who would benefit from close followup and early adjuvant therapy.