Long-Term Outcome of Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens Orchiopexy in Boys With Intra-Abdominal Testis

It is extremely difficult to perform studies on the long-term outcome of surgical procedures. We describe the outcome at more than 10 years postoperatively, and demonstrate that greater than 83% of patients who underwent a 2-step Fowler-Stephens procedure using laparoscopy had satisfactory results. The operated testis was always significantly smaller compared to the normal testis but was well vascularized.