The Causal Role of Cigarette Smoking in Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression, and the Role of Urologists in Smoking Cessation

Bladder cancer is causally related to cigarette smoking but this knowledge may not be well disseminated to patients. Furthermore, cigarette smoking cessation decreases bladder cancer risk and may decrease the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urologists have a vital role in influencing patient knowledge of their smoking risk and in encouraging smoking cessation.