Recurrent Gross Hematuria with Positive Family History of IgA Nephropathy and an Unexpected Diagnosis

A 12-year-old girl presented with recurrent gross hematuria over 3 months and regular findings in sonography of the urogenital tract. The first suspected diagnosis of familial IgA glomerulonephritis was excluded by kidney biopsy. After a further episode of gross hematuria leading to vesical tamponade, the patient received magnetic resonance imaging with angiography and urography, which was suspicious for a renal tumor. Consecutively, unilateral nephrectomy was performed and a nephroblastoma was diagnosed. This case demonstrates that even in grossly normal renal ultrasound, relapsing episodes of gross hematuria can be caused by renal tumor, and therefore in unclear situations, further diagnostic is necessary.