Cryoablation of Small Renal Tumors

ObjectivesTo review the worldwide experience with cryoablation of small renal tumors.MethodsA systematic review was made of all English language publications on cryoablation of renal tumors as well as partial nephrectomy, radiofrequency ablation and high intensity focused ultrasound published prior to September 2006. The literature was reviewed and the findings analyzed.ResultsData from basic science and clinical trials supports renal cryoablation as a safe and effective method for treatment of small renal tumors. Clinical studies document less peri- and post-operative morbidity than laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Basic science and clinical studies suggest superior efficacy with cryoablation as compared to radiofrequency ablation. Longer follow-up is needed before its true efficacy can be established.ConclusionLaparoscopic renal cryoablation, though evolving, appears to be a reasonable alternative for the treatment of small renal tumors in selected patients. Meticulous long-term clinical and radiologic follow-up will be critical for determining local recurrence and cancer-free survival rates, to establish the ultimate role of renal cryoablation in the management of small renal tumors.