Urogenital Tuberculosis: Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Urogenital tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary TB. There are many controversies concerning the epidemiology, definition, classification, treatment, and management of patients with urogenital TB, which includes kidney TB, urinary tract TB that is a complication of kidney TB, and genital TB, both male and female. In this paper, we discuss the risk factors and a detailed classification for urogenital TB and the clinical features of each form of the disease. Special attention is paid to urogenital TB induced by bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Modern approaches to the diagnostic work-up and chemotherapy of urogenital TB are described.Patient summaryUrogenital tuberculosis (TB) seems to be a rare disease, but it is mostly overlooked. Urogenital TB is contagious and is a cause of infertility. Modern techniques allow diagnosis of this infection in time, and optimal management may save organs.