Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
3933807 European Urology Supplements 2009 4 Pages PDF
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease with different disease states. Clinical judgment has significant biases. Nomograms are graphical calculating tools that use several clinical variables to determine a specific clinical outcome. Nomograms as prediction tools use multiple variables and continuous variables continuously, and their characteristics include patient populations, clinical end points, accuracy, and whether internal and/or external validations were performed. Numerous nomograms are available for most PCa stages, and their availability and accuracy make them powerful tools for the improvement of clinical prediction and important aids in personalised medicine for both patients and physicians.
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