Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
3940809 | Fertility and Sterility | 2010 | 4 Pages |
Abstract
A surrogate end point (e.g., a laboratory test or image) serves as a proxy for a clinical end point of importance (e.g., fracture, thrombosis, or death). Adoption and use of surrogate end points lacking validation, especially in cardiovascular medicine, have caused thousands of patients' deaths, a serious violation of the ethical principle of beneficence.
Related Topics
Health Sciences
Medicine and Dentistry
Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health
Authors
David A. Grimes, Kenneth F. Schulz, Elizabeth G. Raymond,