Menstrual disturbances

The menstrual cycle is a physiological process beginning at menarche and ending at menopause in which the endometrium is shed at regular intervals. The length of cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days; and only 10–15% of women are they 28 days. At the extremes of reproductive life dysfunctional bleeding is usually due to anovulation. However, dysfunctional bleeding is a diagnosis made after pathology such as fibroids, polyps, infection and malignancy have been excluded. Management is determined on an individual case-by-case basis according to age, reproductive status, hormonal profile, family planning intentions, ultrasound findings, diagnosis and ultimately patient choice. A variety of medical options and recently developed minimally invasive surgical techniques have revolutionized the treatment of menstrual irregularities.