Ultrasound in gynaecology and early pregnancy

Ultrasound is frequently used in the management of gynaecological patients as an adjunct to history taking and examination. It can be used in a number of different gynaecological scenarios including management of infertility, early pregnancy, suspected pelvic masses, pelvic pain and dysfunctional uterine bleeding to name just a few. It is considered to be a safe, readily available, non-invasive and acceptable method of investigation. However it is important to consider its different applications and limitations and to bear in mind whether or not other imaging modalities may be more appropriate when investigating the gynaecological patient. It is also important to remember that it is not a substitute for thorough history taking and clinical examination. This article looks at different pathologies encountered on a daily basis in the gynaecological patient, considers the role of ultrasound as an investigation tool, and also highlights where other imaging modalities may be considered.