Dating fractures in infants

AimTo document the timing of the appearance of the radiological features of fracture healing in a group of infants in which the date of injury was known and to assess the degree of interobserver agreement.Materials and methodsThree paediatric radiologists independently assessed 161 images of 37 long bone fractures in 31 patients aged 0–44 months. The following features were assessed: soft-tissue swelling, subperiosteal new bone formation (SPNBF), definition of fracture line, presence or absence of callus, whether callus was well or ill defined, and the presence of endosteal callus.ResultsAgreement between observers was only moderate for all discriminators except SPNBF. SPNBF was invariably seen after 11 days but was uncommon before this time even in the very young. In one case SPNBF was seen at 4 days.ConclusionWith the exception of SPNBF, the criteria relied on to date fractures are either not reproducible or are poor discriminators of fracture age.