Abdominal complications following neutropenia and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: CT findings

In haematology units, acute abdominal symptoms are common and often challenging for the clinician in charge. Two haematological conditions that may induce specific diagnoses are of particular concern: neutropenia and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical and biological manifestations, including abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea, hepatic cytolysis, or cholestasis are often non-specific. Computed tomography is often the primary imaging screening technique performed in such patients, as it is widely available, performs well for this indication, and may demonstrate evocative findings. The aim of this review is to provide the spectrum of specific diagnoses encountered and the corresponding key CT features in patients presenting with acute abdominal disorders following neutropenia and/or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.